методичні доробки



Aspects of the Communicative Method

1.  Student Motivation: Students will have more to say on a topic if they are interested in it.  Students will use always more English to describe their favorite musical group than they will about the invention of the printing press.

2. Choice: If students use pre-written dialogues or give memorized answers, they will not learn to communicate.  Students need to be able choose the words they use and how they use them.

3. Fluency over Accuracy:  Students should not be afraid to make mistakes.  It is more important to communicate than have good grammar

4. Information Gap: Communication in real life almost always involves exchanging information.  If students learn to ask questions and understand answers, they will be able to communicate with native speakers.

5. Authentic Materials/Realia: By using materials meant for native speakers or objects from real life, the student can see why the language is learned and will be more motivated to learn it.

6. Little or No Teacher Intervention: Too much correction makes students scared to use any language.  Too much teacher control prevents students from developing language skills.  Students work more comfortably in groups and at their own pace.

7. Feedback: Other students must be able to react or respond to what someone has said (with either their own words or actions).  If the speaker does not know if he/she has been understood by others, then the exchange is not communicative.


Objectives:
·        to practice extended use of active vocabulary on the topic;
·        to develop students reading , listening and speaking skills;
·        to introduce some information about recycling;
·        to teach students’ responsibility for keeping the environment clean;
·        to develop student’s socio-linguistic competence.

Equipment needed: a computer, multimedia projector.
Material needed: a video “Save the Planet”; Quiz “Are you environmentally friendly?” Survey “Energy conservation at school”.
Procedure
1.     Introducing the topic of the lesson
Teacher: Today we’re going to continue our work on the topic “The Problems of Our Planet and Ways to Their Solutions”. Our lesson is devoted to the issue of Environmental protection. We’re going to raise the most vital environmental problems, find solutions to them and state the results. 
At this lesson you will practice extended use of active vocabulary on the topic, develop your speaking and communication skills, increase your awareness of the environmental issue, develop your socio-linguistic competence, and raise your responsibility for keeping the environment clean. 

2.     Warm up activity.
Teacher:  Students, you can see three laws of nature suggested by Barry Commoner, a biologist, in his book “Making peace with the Planet”.
“Everything is connected to   everything else”
“Everything has to go somewhere”
“Let nature take its course”
Barry Commoner
 I’d like you to read the quotations and discuss them in three groups. What does the quotation mean to you? Do you agree or disagree with the author? (3 minutes).
Students share their ideas.

3. Before watching the video about the problems our planet students discuss these questions.


 
3.  Watching the video about the problems our planet is facing today (Slide 3). Students get ready to identify the problems, give suggestions and state the results. Students work in groups (3 minutes). They present their ideas.
Slide 4



4. Imagine that you are at the conference devoted to the topic “Global Litter. Ways to Reduce Global Litter”. 
4.1. The questions to discuss:
- Why is litter an ongoing concern which many nations have to deal with? (Students share their ideas)
- Are there any possible solutions which could lead to the permanent reduction in the waste that has mounted up in the countries in the world? (Students share their ideas)
(-Use biodegradable  packing
- Save scrap metal
- Educate people to recycle
- Organize  paper saving projects
-  Educate to conserve natural resources an energy)

4.2. Match suggestions and results. Each student receives a strip of paper with a suggestion or result written on it. Students should find their partners to make up a sentence using linking words and present the sentence.

Slide

Suggestions
Results
1. daily rubbish collection
2. better recycling system
3. fine people  who drop litter
4. force factory to shut down
5. bio-degradable items decompose naturally
a  reduce amount of rubbish to be collected and save natural resources
b  live in healthier surroundings
c  they do not add to the problems of  litter
d  less litter on the streets
e  prevent the spread of diseases

1 – e       2 – a           3 – d           4 - b            5 - c


5. Watching the video and writing 10 steps to save energy. Work in pairs (3 minutes). (Slide 7. Video)
Students present their ideas.
6. Discussion.
Teacher: Do you take part in any recycling programs or have you ever participated in such activities? Discuss it in pairs and report about your classmate’s contribution to recycling.
Students should create a poster to encourage schoolmates to recycle (3 minutes). They present their posters.

7. Energy conservation at school (a survey, conducted by students)  (appendix 2)
Slide 8


 Students present the results of their survey.
8. Quiz “Are you environmentally friendly?” (appendix 3)
Teacher: To sum up what you have discussed, I want you to present the results of the quiz in order to see if you are environmentally friendly. Compare your score with your classmates’, think of how you could increase your awareness of these problems and get ready to give a feedback.
Slide 9


 Students present the results of their survey.


9. Poetry and Environment.
Slide 10


 
Cinquain
Example
Line 1: One world title
Line 2: Two words describing title
Line 3: Tree words showing action
Line 4: Four words showing a feeling about title
Line 5: One word (simile or metaphor for title)


Water
Still, quiet
Reflects, listens, shimmers
Waiting for a splash
Silence
Students work in small groups to create a poem (3minutes).They present their poems.
3.     Summing up.
Slide 11



Teacher: Environmental problems are of great concern to us. Solutions to ecological problems require the cooperation of all nations. By working together, we can really make a difference to our planet but don’t forget, we can make a difference as individuals, too.
We all live in such a beautiful world, and humans really are beautiful souls with such great potential, we just have to reawaken to who we are, ridding ourselves of ignorance. The more truth we see, the more we can do to change our ways into more productive habits. And it really all does begin with caring  about ourselves, other people, and the world. Even though we cannot take on the responsibility for the entire earth, we can take personal responsibility; pledge to our Earth, and everything on it.
Now we have come to the end of the lesson. Your homework for the next lesson is   to write an article for our school magazine entitled “How can we make our town a better place to live in”. I appreciate your hard work at the lesson today. Your marks are…



Appendix 1
1. daily rubbish collection
2. better recycling system
3. fine people  who drop litter
4. tyre factory to shut down
5. bio-degradable items decompose naturally
a)  reduce amount of rubbish to be collected and save natural resources
b)  live in healthier surroundings
c)  they do not add to the problems of  litter
d)  less litter on the streets
e) prevent the spread of diseases

Is Energy conserved or wasted in your school?
 








Tour your school building to look  for ways energy is conserved or wasted. There are eight things to observe as you walk through the building. If you think energy is being conserved write "conservation" in the blank next to the "C"  blank. If you think energy is being wasted, write "waste" next to the "W"  blank. Each is worth one point. Repeat this process in every room you chek. When you finish your tour, count the points for each thing. Does your school save energy or waste energy?


WINDOWS
CEILING HEIGHT
(Check for drafts and for number of windows)
(Very high ceilings waste energy)
C: ___________________________
C: ___________________________
W:___________________________
W:___________________________


LIGHTING
CLASSROOM RADIATORS
(Unnecessary lights should be turned off)
(Placement in room affects conservation)
C: ___________________________
C: ___________________________
W:___________________________
W:___________________________


FURNITURE PLACEMENT
EXTERIOR DOORWAYS
(Furniture should not block heating devices)
(Door should be  kept closed when heat is on)
C: ___________________________
C: ___________________________
W:___________________________
W:___________________________


THERMOSTAT
EXTERIOR DOORWAYS
(Should be located on inside walls and set at 20 in winter or 25 in summer)
(Carpeting helps keep rooms more comfortable)
C: ___________________________
C: ___________________________
W:___________________________
W:___________________________



Total points: Conservation:__________________

Waste: ____________________________________


                                                   ENERGY BINGO

1. Give each student a copy of the Energy Bingo sheet. Students will walk around the room or area and find a classmate who can answer "yes" to questions on the bingo sheet, and write their name in the box of the question they answered. Students can only write their name in one box for each bingo card.

2. After a student yells "BINGO" have everyone sit back down.

3. Ask the student with "bingo" to tell the class the number of  the square and the name of the student who answered the question. If student confirm that they do these energy saving actions then you have a winner. Ask students how and why they save energy as they answer. If there is a problem, then play the game until there is another "bingo".

4. Discuss with the class the ways of saving energy listed on the bingo sheet. Can everyone in the class do these things? What difference would it make if everyone did these things?

1. Turns off the lights when they are not being used.
5. Has taken a cold shower.
9. Never opens the refrigerator just to see what there is to eat.
13. Doesn't use their stove to heat their apartment.
2. Always reuses  plastic bags.
6. Recycles glass bottles and jars.
10.  Uses food wastes from the kitchen to make compost for the garden.
14. Uses both sides of a piece of paper.
3. Turns the water off when you brush your teeth.
7. Dresses warmly indoors
11. Tells members of their family to turn off lights to save energy.
15. Walks or rides a bicycle instead of using transport.
4. Takes a shower instead of a  bath.
8. Seals the windows in the winter.
12. Buys refills for their pens instead of buying a new one.
16. Puts rugs on their floors and walls.


What does the word NATURE mean for you? Express your thoughts into acro poem
 F. e.
Native land
Attractive fields
Treasure forests
Unique places
Rare plants
Entire paradise.




‘I wish you always:
Air to breathe,
Fire to warm you,
Water to drink and
 the Earth to live in.
                                             I wish this to you from my heart’ - 



                                                     VOCABULARY
                      Underline the correct word.

1   The ozone layer is being contaminated/damaged by the use of aerosols.
2   Zoos help to preserve threatened/endangered species.
3   Deforestation is destroying/polluting the forests.
4   The Eden Project was built to increase/improve the living conditions of       animals in captivity.                                                                                              5   Factories should not be allowed to pump industrial waste/greenhouse gases      into rivers, lakes or seas.
6   Many species are being wiped out/ruined by deforestation.
7   Global warming is caused by heat dumped/trapped in the atmosphere.






                      Underline the correct word.

1   The ozone layer is being contaminated/damaged by the use of aerosols.
2   Zoos help to preserve threatened/endangered species.
3   Deforestation is destroying/polluting the forests.
4   The Eden Project was built to increase/improve the living conditions of       animals in captivity.                                                                                              5   Factories should not be allowed to pump industrial waste/greenhouse gases      into rivers, lakes or seas.
6   Many species are being wiped out/ruined by deforestation.
7   Global warming is caused by heat dumped/trapped in the atmosphere.


a)  Do these problems cause land, water, air or noise pollution?
Look at the table below and tick (*). You can add your own
ideas.

                                  land         water        air            noise
1 oil spills




2 exhaust fumes




3 traffic jams




4 dropping rubbish in  the countryside




5 pumping industrial waste into rivers




6




7






b) Use the prompts in the table above to make sentences, as in
the example.

Oil spills cause water pollution.
___________________________________________________________

c)  Mach the solutions below to the problems in part a), then complete the sentences, as in the example.

                                                                    1 If we fine factories, they won’t pump industrial waste into rivers.                                                                 
2_________________there won’t be so many__________________________________.

3________________________there won’t be so many__________________________________.
4_________________________________people won’t__________________________________.
5________________________there won’t be so many__________________________________.

                                     
GRAMMAR

 1.Expand the newspaper headlines into full sentences, using the correct form of the passive.


Example:  1 Chemical disaster caused by local energy company at the weekend.
                 A chemical disaster was caused by a local energy company at the   
                weekend.
              
                2 10 killed in Friday’s tragic train crash.
            
                 __________________________________________________

                 3 Saltley Museum to be opened by local historian.
                
                 __________________________________________________
                
                 4 Taylor children reunited with parents.

                 __________________________________________________

                 5 Hikers trapped in avalanche since Saturday.

                 __________________________________________________
         
                 6 Brad Pit expected to win 2 Oscars.

                 __________________________________________________

2.Put the verbs in brackets into the correct passive tense. Then act out the dialogues.


1 A:    Did you know Jane__________ (take) to hospital last night?
   B:    No! What happened?
   A:    She____________ (hit) by a car.
   B:    Oh, no! That’s awful!

2 A:    Great news! I _____________   (offer) a new job.
   B:    That’s wonderful! When do you start?

3 A:    Did you know that the house ________________ (build) over a century
           ago?
   B:    No, I thought it was only about 30 years old. It’s in good condition, isn’t
             it?

4 A:    Hi! I’m glad you’re back on the team. Why did you miss last week’s
           game?
   B:    I _____________ (punish) for not doing my homework.

3.The manager of Haley Wildlife Sanctuary is talking to his assistant about his work. Answer the questions, using the prompts below, as in the example.


1 A: Have you contacted the new volunteers yet?
   B: Yes/ new volunteers/ telephone /yesterday
   Yes – the new volunteers were telephoned yesterday.


2 A: Have you cleaned the cages yet?
   B: No/ cages cleaned/ this afternoon
______________________________________________
3 A: Have you put a new squirrel in his own cage?
   B: Yes/ new squirrel/ moved/ first thing this morning
______________________________________________
4 A: Have you faxed the report to Head Office yet?
   B: Yes/ report/ faxed/ last Friday
______________________________________________
5 A: Have you ordered the equipment for the veterinary surgeons?
   B: No/ equipment/ ordered/ tomorrow morning
_____________________________________________

                                   Reading


Warming up.
Brainstorming.
T: What words do you associate with the word “Danger”.
    What words do you associate with the word-combination “Danger! Humans!”

II. Main part.
1.    Pre-reading activity.
Arrange the letters in the words in the correct order and make up three sentences using them.

ianmal- ________________
ckatat-  ________________
erngdan- _______________
kshar -  ________________
odof-    ________________
lilk   -  _________________
gorf-    _________________
ontiac- _________________
vase-   _________________
tatbiha- ________________




2.    While-reading activity.
1)   Complete the text with the words from the box.

person   dangerous   attack   accidents   animals   food  Africa   extinct
pollution   actions   save


When an animal attacks a___________, there are always stories about it on TV and in the newspapers. But people are usually more ____________than animals. Every year, we kill approximately 100 million sharks, but sharks only ____________three or four people, and crocodiles six or seven. More people die in ______________with chairs!
Animals aren’t really a problem for people, but we are a problem for____________. We eat millions of tonnes of fish and meat every year. But people don’t kill animals just for____________. They also hunt them for fur or for fun. While you’re reading this, people are hunting whales in the Arctic, tigers in Asia and elephants in____________.
At the moment, animals are becoming ______________in every part of the world. The ‘red list’ of animals in danger includes insects, frogs, chameleons, fish and bigger animals, like bears and whales. We aren’t killing all these animals directly, but they are dying and becoming extinct because of human actions. Our ______________and construction is changing the climate and animals’ habitats, and time is running out for some animals. It’s important to change our _____________now and ______________the animals!
2)   Complete the text with the correct word for each space.

         A
          B
          C
 1
         a
      an
     the
 2
       are
      is
     were
 3
        killing
     killed
      kill
 4
      are not
      is not
      was not
 5
      about
       of
       among
 6
       hunts
       hunting
       hunt
 7
       are
       is
        were
 8
     that
       these
     this
 9
     off
       out
      in
10
       changed
        changes
      change

Danger! Humans!
    When 1)__________ animal attacks a person, there are always stories about it on TV and in the newspapers. But people 2)____________usually more dangerous than animals. Every year, we 3)_____________approximately 100 million sharks, but sharks only attack three or four people, and crocodiles six or seven. More people die in accidents with chairs!

   Animals 4)_____________really a problem for people, but we are a problem for animals. We eat millions 5)_____________ tonnes of fish and meat every year. But people don’t kill animals just for food. They also 6)____________them for fur or for fun. While you’re reading this, people are hunting whales in the Arctic, tigers in Asia and elephants in Africa.

    At the moment, animals 7)_____________becoming extinct in every part of the world. The ‘red list’ of animals in danger includes insects, frogs, chameleons, fish and bigger animals, like bears and whales. We aren’t killing all 8)______________animals directly, but they are dying and becoming extinct because of human actions. Our pollution and construction is changing the climate and animals’ habitats, and time is running 9)______________for some animals. It’s important to 10)____________our actions now and save the animals!

3.Post-reading activity.

1)   Read the text and say if the statements below true or false.

1)   Humans are not usually more dangerous than animals.____
2)Every year lions kill approximately 100 millions sharks.____
3)Sharks only attack three or four people, and crocodiles six or seven. ___
4)We eat thousands of tonnes of fish and meat every year. ____
5)Children are hunting whales in the Arctic, tigers in Asia and elephants in   Africa. ____
6)Animals are becoming extinct in every part of the world. ____
7)We are killing all these animals directly. ___
8)People do not kill animals just for food. ____
9)Time is runnig out for some animals. ____
10) We must change our actions now and save the animals. ____

2)   Read the text and answer the questions.
-         Where can we find the information about attacks of animals a person?
-         Who is more dangerous?
-         How many sharks do people kill every year?
-         Are animals a problem for people?
-         People kill animals just for food, do not they?
-         What animals does the “red list” include?
-         What humans’ actions is changing the climate and animals’ habitats?
-         What should we do to avoid disappearing  some kinds of animals?             
3)   Match the main idea with each passage of the text.
    
Danger! Humans!
1.      When an animal attacks a person, there are always stories about it on TV and in the newspapers. But people are usually more dangerous than animals. Every year, we kill approximately 100 million sharks, but sharks only attack three or four people, and crocodiles six or seven. More people die in accidents with chairs!

      2.Animals aren’t really a problem for people, but we are a problem for animals. We eat    millions of tonnes of fish and meat every year. But people don’t kill animals just for food. They also hunt them for fur or for fun. While you’re reading this, people are hunting whales in the Arctic, tigers in Asia and elephants in Africa.

3.At the moment, animals are becoming extinct in every part of the world. The ‘red list’ of animals in danger includes insects, frogs, chameleons, fish and bigger animals, like bears and whales. We aren’t killing all these animals directly, but they are dying and becoming extinct because of human actions. Our pollution and construction is changing the climate and animals’ habitats, and time is running out for some animals. It’s important to change our actions now and save the animals!


A.  We do not  kill animals just for food.
     B. Animals are dying and becoming extinct because of humans’actions.
     C. Humans are more dangerous than animals.

III.1. Summary.
     T: What have you found out at the lesson today?
         What environmental problem we have talked about?
         Do you agree with the main idea of the text?
         What are some ways that you can reduce dying the animals?
2.    Homework.
T: Write a magazine article about the environment in 2050. Include imaginary interviews with someone who lives in 2050(but who has travelled back in time) and someone from today.

     
Danger! Humans!
When an animal attacks a person, there are always stories about it on TV and in the newspapers. But people are usually more dangerous than animals. Every year, we kill approximately 100 million sharks, but sharks only attack three or four people, and crocodiles six or seven. More people die in accidents with chairs!
Animals aren’t really a problem for people, but we are a problem for animals. We eat millions of tonnes of fish and meat every year. But people don’t kill animals just for food. They also hunt them for fur or for fun. While you’re reading this, people are hunting whales in the Arctic, tigers in Asia and elephants in Africa.
At the moment, animals are becoming extinct in every part of the world. The ‘red list’ of animals in danger includes insects, frogs, chameleons, fish and bigger animals, like bears and whales. We aren’t killing all these animals directly, but they are dying and becoming extinct because of human actions. Our pollution and construction is changing the climate and animals’ habitats, and time is running out for some animals. It’s important to change our actions now and save the animals!

                                Vocabulary
1 Match the headlines to the problems, then ask and answer the questions, as in the example.


overfishing                                 Fishing Village Becomes Ghost Town


deforestation                                NORTHERN EUROPE, TROPICAL 
                                                      PARADISE OF THE FUTURE

air pollution                                 SEA Turns Black off
                                                      the Coast of Norway

oil spill                                      Animals living in Barton Wood left homless


global warming                           10 SCHOOL CHILDREN HOSPITALIZED WITH
                   BREATHING PROBLEMS



Example
A: Why has the fishing village become a ghost town?
B:  Because of overfishing.

                                          COMMUNICATION

Use the prompts to make short dialogues, as in the example. Who could be talking in each dialogue (friends, parent – child, etc)?



-        Empty the bins all the time
-        Help with the housework
-        Come home late at night
-        Ask before using the computer
-        Tidy room/ not study hard anough
-        Do washing up/ spend hours on the phone



                        AGREENG                                     DISAGREENG


               That’s true.                                                          That’s not true.
               I do agree with that.                                             I disagree with that.
               So do I / Me too.                                                  Neither do I.


EXAMPLE

A: I empty the bins all the time.                                  A: You never help with housework.
B: So do I!                                                                   B:  That’s not true.
( two flatmates)                                                       ( wife- husband)

                                                         WRITING

1.Match the suggestions to the results. Then expand the prompts into full sentences, linking them with appropriate phrases, as in the example.
           
             Suggestions
                     Results
1    Stop cutting down trees

2    Use alternative forms of energy

3     Recycle containers, papers, etc
a  Make new products/ reduce / litter

b  Animals/ birds/ not lose/ natural habitats

c   Natural  resources/ not come to an and/
reduce air pollution caused by harmful gases



1-b Firstly, it would be a good idea to stop cutting down trees. If this were done
animals and birds would not lose their natural habitats.

3.    A local newspaper has asked its readers to write articles entitled “ How to improve the global environment”. Write your article suggesting ways to improve our environment. Use the plan below.


PLAN

INTRODUCTION
             ( Para 1)               state the problems and/or the causes

MAIN BODY
(Para 2-4)              suggestions and results


CONCLUSION
( Para 5)                summarise your opinion
EARTH SONG                                       
What about sunrise                                                            
What about rain
What about all the things
That you said we were to gain...
What about killing fields
Is there a time
What about all the things
That you said was yours and mine...
Did you ever stop to notice
All the blood we've shed before
Did you ever stop to notice
The crying Earth the weeping shores?
Aaaaaaaaaah Aaaaaaaaaah

What have we done to the world
Look what we've done
What about all the peace
That you pledge your only son...
What about flowering fields
Is there a time
What about all the dreams
That you said was yours and mine...
Did you ever stop to notice
All the children dead from war
Did you ever stop to notice
The crying Earth the weeping shores?

Aaaaaaaaaaah Aaaaaaaaaaah

I used to dream
I used to glance beyond the stars
Now I don't know where we are
Although I know we've drifted far

Aaaaaaaaaaah Aaaaaaaaaaaah
Aaaaaaaaaaah Aaaaaaaaaaaah

Hey, what about yesterday
(What about us)
What about the seas
(What about us)
The heavens are falling down
(What about us)
I can't even breathe
(What about us)
What about the bleeding Earth
(What about us)
Can't we feel its wounds
(What about us)
What about nature's worth

(ooo,ooo)
It's our planet's womb
(What about us)
What about animals
(What about it)
We've turned kingdoms to dust
(What about us)
What about elephants
(What about us)
Have we lost their trust
(What about us)
What about crying whales
(What about us)
We're ravaging the seas
(What about us)
What about forest trails
(ooo, ooo)

Burnt despite our pleas
(What about us)
What about the holy land
(What about it)
Torn apart by creed
(What about us)
What about the common man
(What about us)
Can't we set him free
(What about us)
What about children dying
(What about us)
Can't you hear them cry
(What about us)
Where did we go wrong
(ooo, ooo)

Someone tell me why
(What about us)
What about babies
(What about it)
What about the days
(What about us)
What about all their joy
(What about us)
What about the man
(What about us)
What about the crying man
(What about us)
What about Abraham
(What was us)
What about death again
(ooo, ooo)
Do we give a damn




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